While it has long been known that testosterone and FSH regulate spermatogenesis, years of research has shed light on many of the intricate mechanisms by which spermatogonial stem cells develop into highly specialized, motile spermatozoa. Sperm are produced via the extraordinarily complex and dynamic process of spermatogenesis that requires co-operation between multiple testicular cell types.
Testosterone is indispensable for sperm production, however both testosterone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) are needed for optimal testicular development and maximal sperm production. The synthesis of both products is regulated by endocrine hormones produced in the hypothalamus and pituitary, as well as locally within the testis.
The testes synthesize two important products: testosterone, needed for the development and maintenance of many physiological functions and sperm, needed for male fertility.
